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Astr贸nomos no tienen laboratorios como los qu铆micos, bi贸logos o paleont贸logos. No podemos poner las estrellas en tubos de ensayos o poner las galaxias a centrifugar. Nuestros materiales de estudios se encuentran a millones e incluso billones de a帽os luz. En la mayor铆a de las ocasiones, los astr贸nomos derivan informaci贸n a partir del an谩lisis de la luz o del movimiento de los cuerpos celestes.
De hecho, la astronom铆a es una ciencia muy creativa, ya que el Universo no es accesible a nosotros de un modo convencional. Por ello, los astr贸nomos deben aplicar medidas iguales de pensamiento anal铆tico e imaginaci贸n, l贸gica e intuici贸n para poder responder las preguntas m谩s fundamentales acerca del cosmos: Qu茅 son las estrellas y los planetas?, Como evolucionan, que hace que el cielo tenga la forma que tiene?, existe vida en torno a otras estrellas, como se formo el Universo, como morira. En resumen, el objetivo de un astronomo es entender la naturaleza del Universo.
Que estudiar para ser un Astr贸nomo:
馃憠Las mejores carreras son f铆sica, aunque matem谩ticos y estudiantes de inform谩tica pueden tener salidas como astr贸nomos tambi茅n.
Despu茅s de la carrera, la mayor parte de los astr贸nomos realizan estudios de postgrado. La realizaci贸n de una tesis doctoral es uno de los per铆odos profesionales m谩s disfrutables, ya que se dispone de tiempo para buscar los problemas que se quieren resolver e intentar resolverlos.
Donde trabajan los astronomos. Potencial de empleo:
馃憠La astronom铆a es un campo relativamente peque帽o, con XXX astr贸nomos profesionales en Espa帽a y XXX en el mundo. Los astr贸nomos trababajan en colaboraciones internacionales, por lo que si quieres ser un astr贸nomo, tienes que estar preparado para viajar.
Para llegar a tener una posici贸n permanente en Espa帽a, en una Universidad o en un centro de investigaci贸n (ver listado de los lugares donde se realiza investigaci贸n en astrof铆sica en Espa帽a) normalmente es necesario realizar estudios de posgrado y haber tenido una o varias posiciones temporales postdoctorales (normalmenete en Universidades diferentes de donde ser realizaron los estudios de postgrado).
La mayor parte de los astr贸nomos profesionales son miembros de Universidades, aunque en Espa帽a hay centros de investigaci;on dedicados al estudio de la astrof铆sica como el IAC, IAA, ...
Even though teaching is an academic career, astronomers at leading colleges are a major source of astronomical research activity. In addition to the observatories and research institutions operated by individual universities, there are a number of national observatories and research institutes that make research time available to observational astronomers at academic institutions and to others.
Observational astronomers spend between 10 and 30 nights per year working at an observatory or getting observations from spacecraft, and the rest of their time analyzing the data they've collected. Others, such as theoretical astrophysicists, may not even work with observing equipment but conduct a great deal of their astronomy research using supercomputers. Much of the astronomer's work day consists of analyzing data, interpreting observations, or planning observational programs.
Recent university graduates start their careers at universities, colleges, and other institutions with postdoctoral research positions (one to three years of research work for people with new doctoral degrees) and research associateships that allow full time for research.
Median salaries at universities and colleges depend upon the size, quality, and competitiveness of the school. Starting salaries for assistant professors start at about $50,000 for 9-10 months, the range for senior professors is $80,000-100,000 for 9-10 months. Typical postdoc pay ranges between $35,000-45,000 per year. Contrary to popular belief, scientists at national or government labs earn the highest median salary, followed by those employed by business or industry. Many faculty members augment their salaries with summer work at their universities or with summer research support.
About ten percent of all astronomers work in business or private industry. A few industries, such as the aerospace field, hire astronomers to do research that may give their company a competitive edge. A number of consulting firms supply astronomy talent to the government for specific tasks. In addition, there is are large number of companies that, rather than conduct astronomy research, make use of the background and talents of the astronomer in related areas. Astronomers are generally well-versed in instrumentation, remote sensing, spectral observations, and computer applications to unusual problems. Job security may be somewhat less certain than in government and academia since there is no tenure or civil service in industry. The salaries, however, are often correspondingly higher, especially at mid-management levels and above. In practice, most companies protect their good employees, but the choice of work within a given company may be limited. In exchange for some loss of choice, there is the likelihood of getting a job that is technically challenging and that provides great opportunity for both intellectual and professional growth. Industrial employment offers a wide variety of nontechnical career paths as well. Although a Ph.D. is useful for industrial jobs, it is less often a formal requirement.
Otros astr贸nomos trabajan en planetarios, museos de ciencia o en otros servicions p煤blicos. Estos astr贸nomos son una importante fuente de informaci贸n y una conexi贸n entre el mundo del astr贸nomo profesional y el p煤blico en general. Otros astr贸nomos prefieren deciarse a la ense帽anza secundaria ensen帽ando f铆sica o matem谩ticas. As铆mismo, el periodismo cient铆fico es otra salida a la profesi贸n. Estos trabajos en general no requiern la realizaci贸n de una tesis doctoral..
Although most astronomers have advanced degrees, people with an undergraduate major in astronomy or physics can find jobs in support positions at national observatories, national laboratories, federal agencies, and sometimes in large astronomy departments at universities. An undergraduate astronomy degree is excellent preparation for science teachers, laboratory technicians, computer programmers, and science journalists. It can also serve as the basis for graduate degrees in other fields, such as law or medical school. Some universities may not offer a major in astronomy for undergraduates, but may instead have a program in physics with a specialization in astronomy.
Un astr贸nomo profesional no se dedica simplemente a apreciar la belleza de los objetos en el cielo. El reto diario es llegar a entender los procesos f铆sicos que dan lugar a la formaci贸n de estos objetos.
A menudo se dice que la profesi贸n de astr贸nomo es la m谩s antigua pero, en muchos aspectos, es tambi茅n la m谩s moderna, ya que a帽o tras a帽o nuevos descubrimientos nos hace tener que revisar nuestra perspectiva del Universo. Muchos de estos descubrimientos suenan m谩s a ciencia ficci贸n que a ciencia real: haos luminosos en torno a estrellas agonizantes, explosiones de rayos gamma, la gran barrera de galaxias, vac铆os, jets c贸smicos, lentes gravitacionales, anillos de Einstein, etc. Estos descubrimientos, no solo revelan un Universo m谩s rico y m谩s variado de lo que se hab铆an pensado generaciones previas, pero plantean nuevos retos para los cient铆ficos.
Modern astronomy is flourishing. Interplanetary spacecraft have observed eight of the nine planets in phenomenal detail, mapped and landed on the surfaces of the moon, Mars, and Venus, and returned the first close-up images of a comet nucleus and several asteroids. Orbiting observatories scrutinize star clusters, nebulae, the violent cores of galaxies, and distant quasars. Another orbiting spacecraft, the Cosmic Background Explorer, has mapped the faint background glow of energy that is believed to be the remnant radiation from the big bang 15 billion years ago.
Meanwhile, astronomers are using ground-based telescopes, equipped with the latest electronic light-gathering instruments, to measure the chemical composition of stars, the mass of galaxy clusters, and looking for planets around other stars. Future years will see an armada of new large telescopes brought to bear on some of the most important astronomical questions being asked today. How old are the oldest stars? How did the first galaxies form in the universe? Why is most of the mass in the universe not directly observable? What is the nature of this "dark matter?" Will the universe expand forever?
Of course, astronomers don't just use telescopes in their studies of the universe. In recent years, powerful supercomputers have been employed to, among other things, model cosmic jets and the environment around pulsars and black holes, simulate galaxy collisions, and devise better theories on how galaxies clustered into large-scale structures in the early universe.
Astronomers also study data gathered by physicists using particle accelerators. Key questions about the big bang and the nature of matter in the universe can only be answered by studying the behavior and forces of elementary particles and, perhaps, discovering new particles. Hence, in order to understand how the very large came to be, astronomers must learn what they can about the very small.
